Fungal isolates fulfilling the above criteria for pathogenicity were separated into 13 morphotypes (MT1–MT13) representing isolates with strong or moderate pathogenic potential (category A and B isolates in Table 1) and possible but uncertain pathogens MT14–MT19 (category C isolates in Table 1). Diversity tracking of the 284 isolates assigned them into 26 morphotypes included in 4 categories. Discussionįor the identification of isolates to the species level and classification to appropriate risk group, DNA-based methods are required. The formation of new conidia was prevented by exposure to 1000 µg mL −1 of Genapol but occurred in amounts similar to that of the control in concentration of 100 µg ml −1 of Genapol. ![]() Genapol exposure in all the concentrations tested appeared to inhibit the formation of Hülle cells. Triclosan caused a strong Hülle cell formation at 8 µg mL − 1, but no new conidiophores were seen. Genapol did not inhibit the germination of conidia in the tested concentration, the EC 100 concentration was >5000 µg mL −1. The results in Table 5 show that Triclosan was the most effective inhibitor of the germination of conidia EC 100 concentrations were 16 µg ml −1 for Triclosan and 5000 µg mL −1 for Borax. calidoustus strain MH34 were exposed to the chemicals in malt extract broth and examined under light microscope after 3 d and 9 weeks of exposure. ![]() The effects of two biocides, Borax and Triclosan, and the surfactant Genapol-X-080, on the germination of conidia and the formation of new conidia and Hülle cells was investigated. Studies on Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus calidodoustus revealed that tolerance to cleaning chemicals may contribute to the adaptation of Aspergillus species to indoor environments. Aspergillus was the dominant, most diverse genus found during screening for potentially pathogenic isolates in the indoor strain collection. Opportunistic pathogens such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis and less likely pathogens such as Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Chaetomium globosum and Dichotomopilus finlandicus were isolated both from ordinary and from problematic buildings. The problematic buildings included known opportunistic pathogens: Aspergillus calidoustus, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Rhizopus arrhizus and Paecilomyces variotii, as well as less likely pathogens: Aspergillus versicolor, Chaetomium cochliodes, Chaetomium globosum and Chaetomium rectangulare. Out of these categories, 33 and 33 strains, respectively, were identified to the species level. ![]() Forty-seven isolates growing at 30 ☌ but not at 37 ☌ were considered as less likely pathogens. ![]() Out of the screened isolates, 170 isolates were unable to grow at 37 ☌, whereas 67 isolates growing at pH 7.2 at 37 ☌ were considered as potential opportunistic pathogens. The isolates were collected from 20 locations including 14 problematic and 6 non-problematic ordinary buildings. In this study, 284 indoor fungal isolates from a strain collection of indoor fungi were screened for pathogenic potential through the ability to grow in neutral pH at 37 ☌ and 30 ☌. Viable airborne pathogenic fungi represent a potential health hazard when exposing vulnerable persons in quantities exceeding their resilience.
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